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What Are the Signs of Ash Tree Disease | Take Simple Action

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Updated: Dec 22, 2024

Ash trees are an iconic and vital part of many landscapes, but they are increasingly under threat from various diseases and pests, particularly the emerald ash borer (EAB). Recognizing the signs of ash tree disease early can mean the difference between saving your tree and losing it. In this detailed guide, Miller Tree Services explains how to identify ash tree diseases, assess the damage, and take appropriate actions to protect and preserve your trees

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What Are the Signs of Ash Tree Disease

Understanding Ash Tree Diseases

Ash trees face multiple threats, including fungal diseases and infestations from invasive pests like the emerald ash borer. Among these, the emerald ash borer has caused significant destruction across North America. This metallic-green beetle primarily targets ash trees, boring into the bark and disrupting their nutrient and water supply.

Understanding the risks and symptoms of ash tree disease is essential for homeowners and property managers. Early detection and treatment can save trees from severe damage or death, helping maintain the beauty and ecological value of your landscape. Delaying intervention can result in the irreversible loss of mature trees, leading to costly removal and environmental impacts. Miller Tree Services is here to help you recognize these issues and provide expert solutions to ensure the health and longevity of your ash trees.

Symptoms of Emerald Ash Borer (EAB)


Symptoms of Emerald Ash Borer

What Is the Emerald Ash Borer?

The emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis) is a small, invasive beetle originally from Asia. Despite its striking metallic green color, its presence is devastating to ash trees. Female beetles lay eggs on the bark of ash trees, and the larvae bore into the tree to feed on the inner bark and cambium, cutting off vital nutrients. These beetles spread quickly, making them one of the most destructive forest pests in North America.

Recognizing the Symptoms

Early detection of an emerald ash borer infestation is critical. Without prompt action, the infestation can quickly escalate, leading to severe tree damage or death. Here are the key symptoms to look for:

  • D-shaped Exit Holes: Adult beetles create small, D-shaped holes as they emerge from the tree. These holes, typically about 1/8 inch in diameter, are a telltale sign of infestation and should not be ignored.

  • Canopy Dieback: Infested trees often experience thinning or dying of the upper canopy. This dieback progresses rapidly as the infestation worsens, with the tree losing significant portions of its foliage within one to two years.

  • Increased Woodpecker Activity: Woodpeckers feed on emerald ash borer larvae, so a noticeable increase in woodpecker activity can indicate an infestation. You may also see bark flaking caused by their feeding.

  • Bark Splitting and Galleries: Infested trees may show vertical splits in the bark. Underneath, you may find serpentine galleries where larvae have fed. These winding tunnels disrupt the tree’s ability to transport water and nutrients.

  • Epicormic Shoots: When stressed, ash trees sometimes sprout new shoots from the trunk or base as a survival mechanism. While this may seem like new growth, it often signals significant internal damage.

If you observe any of these symptoms, it’s essential to act quickly. Miller Tree Services can conduct a thorough assessment and recommend appropriate treatment options.

Emerald Ash Borer Damage

How Does EAB Damage Trees?

The primary damage caused by emerald ash borers occurs during their larval stage. The larvae tunnel through the inner bark and cambium layer, which are crucial for transporting water and nutrients. This effectively girdles the tree, cutting off its life support system and leading to its decline and eventual death.

Types of Damage

  • Structural Weakness: As the tree’s interior becomes compromised, it becomes structurally weak. This increases the risk of branches or the entire tree collapsing, posing safety hazards for nearby people and property.

  • Rapid Decline: Infested trees can show signs of decline within months. Without intervention, trees often die within 1-3 years of infestation.

  • Economic Impact: Losing mature ash trees can be costly for homeowners and communities. Removal and replacement are expensive, and the widespread loss of ash trees affects local ecosystems, reducing shade, wildlife habitats, and property values.

Emerald Ash Borer Treatment Options

Treatment Methods

If caught early, emerald ash borer infestations can be managed with various treatments. Miller Tree Services offers multiple solutions, Tree Removal and Tree Trimming, and Tree Stump Removal; tailored to the severity of the infestation and the tree’s overall health:

  • Insecticide Injections: These treatments deliver systemic insecticides directly into the tree’s vascular system, protecting it from further damage. This method is highly effective when applied early in the infestation.

  • Soil Drenches: Insecticides are applied to the soil around the tree’s base, allowing the roots to absorb the chemicals. This method provides systemic protection but may be less effective for larger trees.

  • Trunk Sprays: External treatments coat the bark, preventing adult beetles from laying eggs. These treatments are often used in combination with systemic approaches.

  • Biological Control: Natural predators, such as parasitoid wasps, have been introduced in some areas to help control emerald ash borer populations. While this method is still being studied, it offers a promising long-term solution.

Timing and Effectiveness

Timing is critical for successful treatment. Early spring and late summer are ideal times for applying systemic insecticides, as this aligns with the emerald ash borer’s life cycle. Regular monitoring and timely intervention can significantly increase the likelihood of saving the tree.

Is It Worth Treating an Ash Tree?

Factors to Consider

Deciding whether to treat an ash tree depends on several factors. Here are key considerations:

  • The extent of Damage: Trees with less than 30% canopy dieback are good candidates for treatment. Severely damaged trees may not recover, even with intensive care.

  • Tree’s Health and Value: Healthy, mature ash trees that contribute significantly to the landscape’s beauty or provide shade and ecological benefits are often worth treating.

  • Cost: Treatment costs vary depending on the tree’s size and the method used. Compare the cost of treatment to the expense of tree removal and replacement to make an informed decision.

Benefits of Treatment

Treating an ash tree can preserve its beauty, ecological benefits, and property value. For homeowners, the investment in treatment often outweighs the costs of removal and replacement. Additionally, saving a tree helps maintain biodiversity and reduces the environmental impact of losing mature trees.

Can a Tree Recover from Emerald Ash Borer?

Recovery Potential

Recovery depends on how early the infestation is detected and the severity of the damage. Trees with minimal damage can recover with proper treatment and care, while severely infested trees may be beyond saving. For recovering trees, ongoing maintenance is critical to ensure long-term health.

Post-Treatment Care

  • Regular Watering and Fertilization: Strengthen the tree by providing adequate hydration and nutrients.

  • Pruning Dead Branches: Remove damaged or dead branches to prevent further stress and encourage new growth.

  • Monitoring: Continue to check for signs of reinfestation or other stress factors, ensuring the tree remains healthy.

Can a Tree with Emerald Ash Borer Be Saved?

Criteria for Salvageable Trees

  • Canopy Coverage: Trees with at least 70% healthy canopy are more likely to recover with treatment.

  • Signs of New Growth: If the tree is sprouting new leaves or shoots, it indicates vitality and a higher likelihood of survival.

Miller Tree Services provides expert assessments to determine whether a tree can be saved and recommends the most effective treatment options.

What Is the Best Way to Get Rid of Emerald Ash Borer?

Prevention and Eradication

The best way to manage an emerald ash borer infestation involves a combination of proactive measures, early detection, and effective treatment strategies. Here’s how you can address this invasive pest:

  • Preventative Treatments: One of the most effective ways to protect ash trees is through preventative systemic insecticides. These chemicals are injected directly into the tree or applied as soil drenches around the root zone. Preventative treatments are most effective when applied to healthy trees in areas where emerald ash borers are known to be present. Reapplication may be necessary every 1-2 years, depending on the product and local conditions.

  • Regular Inspections: Conducting regular tree inspections can help you identify the early signs of emerald ash borer activity. Look for symptoms like D-shaped exit holes, bark splitting, and canopy dieback. Early detection increases the likelihood of saving the tree with appropriate treatments.

  • Removal of Infested Trees: Trees that are severely infested or have suffered extensive canopy loss should be removed promptly. Removing these trees prevents the emerald ash borer from spreading to nearby healthy trees. Professional tree services like Miller Tree Services ensure safe and efficient removal practices.

Proper Disposal of Infested Trees

Disposing of infested ash wood correctly is essential to prevent further spread of the emerald ash borer. Follow these guidelines for proper disposal:

  • Chipping and Mulching: Infested wood should be chipped into pieces smaller than one inch in at least two dimensions. This process destroys larvae and eggs, making the wood safe for use as mulch or disposal.

  • Burning: If local regulations allow, burning infested wood is an effective way to destroy emerald ash borers. Ensure you follow all safety and environmental guidelines when burning wood.

  • Avoid Transporting Wood: Never transport infested wood to uninfected areas. Moving firewood or logs can inadvertently spread emerald ash borers to new regions, exacerbating the problem.

Community and Environmental Responsibility

Managing emerald ash borers is not just an individual responsibility—it requires community awareness and action. Many municipalities have programs to help residents identify and treat infested trees or dispose of infested wood properly. Reach out to local extension offices or arborists for guidance specific to your area.

Why Professional Help Matters?

Dealing with emerald ash borer infestations can be overwhelming for homeowners. Professional tree care services, like Miller Tree Services, bring the expertise and resources needed to manage infestations effectively. From diagnosis and treatment to safe tree removal and disposal, our team ensures the best possible outcome for your trees and property.


How Long Can a Tree Live with an Emerald Ash Borer?

Survival Timeline

The lifespan of a tree infested with emerald ash borer (EAB) depends on several factors, including the size and health of the tree, the severity of the infestation, and whether any treatment measures have been applied. On average, untreated trees begin to show significant damage within 1-3 years after infestation and typically die within this timeframe. However, early detection and intervention can extend the tree’s life and, in some cases, save it altogether.

Key Factors Influencing Survival

  • Tree Size and Health: Larger, healthier trees with robust canopies tend to survive longer than smaller or stressed trees. A healthy tree has more resources to fight off infestations, but even they cannot withstand EAB indefinitely without intervention.

  • Extent of Infestation: Trees with severe canopy dieback or extensive bark damage often succumb more quickly. EAB larvae disrupt the tree’s vascular system, cutting off its ability to transport water and nutrients.

  • Environmental Conditions: Trees in drought-prone areas or those exposed to extreme weather are more vulnerable to rapid decline once infested. Adequate watering and fertilization can help mitigate some of this stress.

  • Timely Treatment: Trees treated with systemic insecticides early in the infestation can live much longer, often showing signs of recovery and regrowth. Without treatment, the tree’s decline is almost inevitable.

Can Treatment Extend a Tree’s Life?

Yes, treatment can significantly extend the life of an infested tree. Systemic insecticides, when applied correctly, can kill emerald ash borer larvae and protect the tree from further damage. For trees with minimal canopy dieback, treatments can preserve their health for several years, buying time for more comprehensive management strategies or the eventual establishment of biological controls.

Signs of Imminent Decline

Even with treatment, some trees may be too far gone to recover. Look for these signs of imminent decline:

  • More than 50% Canopy Loss: Trees with over half their canopy affected are unlikely to recover, even with aggressive treatment.

  • Extensive Bark Splitting: Bark that splits deeply and reveals widespread larval galleries indicates severe internal damage.

  • Weak or Brittle Branches: These pose a safety hazard and often indicate the tree is nearing the end of its life.

What to Do When a Tree Is Beyond Saving

If the infestation is too advanced, removing the tree is the safest option to prevent the spread of emerald ash borer to nearby healthy trees. Miller Tree Services can assist with safe removal and responsible disposal of infested wood, ensuring compliance with local regulations and minimizing the risk of spreading the pest further.

How Do You Dispose of Trees with Emerald Ash Borer?

Safe Disposal Methods

Disposing of ash trees infested with emerald ash borer (EAB) is a critical step to prevent the spread of this invasive pest. Improper disposal can allow EAB larvae or eggs to infest new areas, worsening the problem. Here are some safe and effective methods for disposing of infested trees:

  • Chipping and Mulching: Chipping the infested wood into small pieces is one of the most effective ways to destroy EAB larvae and eggs. The chips should be less than one inch in at least two dimensions to ensure that no larvae survive. Once chipped, the wood can be safely used as mulch within the same location.

  • Burning: If local regulations permit, burning infested wood is an effective method to eliminate EAB. Ensure you follow all safety guidelines and environmental regulations for burning wood in your area. This method not only destroys larvae but also minimizes the risk of spreading the infestation.

  • Burying: In some cases, burying infested wood can be a viable option. The wood should be buried at a depth that prevents EAB from emerging, typically at least one to two feet deep. Consult with local authorities to ensure compliance with disposal guidelines.

  • Composting: Some municipalities offer facilities equipped to safely compost infested wood. These facilities use high heat to kill any remaining EAB larvae or eggs.

Avoid Transporting Infested Wood

One of the most important rules when dealing with EAB is to avoid moving infested wood to uninfected areas. Transporting firewood, logs, or other tree materials can inadvertently spread EAB to new regions, causing additional infestations. Instead, process and use the wood within the same location whenever possible.

Working with Professionals

For large-scale removals or when dealing with severely infested trees, it’s best to hire professional services. Miller Tree Services offers safe and responsible tree removal and disposal solutions, ensuring that all infested materials are handled in compliance with local regulations. Our team ensures that the infestation is contained and does not pose further risks to your property or surrounding areas.

Prevention Tips: Protecting Your Ash Trees

  • Regular Inspections: Check your trees periodically for signs of EAB or other issues.

  • Proactive Treatments: Use preventative insecticides if your area is at high risk.

  • Diversify Plantings: Plant a variety of tree species to reduce dependency on ash trees and mitigate the impact of pests.

Why Choose Miller Tree Services for Emerald Ash Borer Management?

Managing emerald ash borer infestations is a complex task that requires professional expertise. At Miller Tree Services, we offer effective solutions tailored to the specific needs of your trees and property. Here’s why we stand out:

Expert Diagnosis and Treatment

Our team of certified arborists conducts thorough assessments to determine the extent of infestation and provide targeted treatments. Using proven methods like systemic insecticides, we aim to protect your trees and prevent further damage.

Safe and Responsible Tree Removal

When a tree is beyond saving, we ensure its removal is handled safely and efficiently. We also take care of proper disposal to prevent the spread of emerald ash borers, adhering to all local regulations.

Sustainable Practices

We prioritize environmentally friendly approaches, balancing effective pest control with strategies that promote long-term landscape health. Our advice includes planting diverse tree species to reduce vulnerability to future infestations.

Local Knowledge and Personalized Service

As a locally owned business, we understand the unique challenges posed by emerald ash borers in our area. Our personalized care ensures that every tree receives the attention it needs to thrive.

For reliable emerald ash borer management and comprehensive tree care, trust Miller Tree Services. Contact us today to learn more or schedule a consultation.

Conclusion: Act Now to Save Your Ash Trees

Emerald ash borers pose a serious threat to ash trees, but early detection and treatment can make all the difference. By understanding the signs of infestation and taking timely action, you can save your trees and maintain the beauty of your property. Trust Miller Tree Services to provide expert care and solutions for all your tree management needs.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What is the emerald ash borer?

The emerald ash borer (EAB) is a small, invasive beetle native to Asia that has caused significant destruction to ash trees in North America. Its larvae bore into the tree's inner bark, cutting off water and nutrient flow, which leads to tree decline and death.

How do I know if my ash tree is infested?

Look for symptoms such as D-shaped exit holes, canopy dieback, increased woodpecker activity, bark splitting, and epicormic shoots. These are clear signs of emerald ash borer infestation.

Can an ash tree recover from emerald ash borer damage?

Yes, but only if the infestation is detected early and treated promptly. Systemic insecticides can help eliminate larvae and protect the tree from further damage. Trees with severe canopy loss or extensive bark splitting may not recover.

How long does it take for an untreated tree to die from emerald ash borer?

Untreated trees typically die within 1-3 years of infestation, depending on the severity and environmental factors.

What is the best treatment for emerald ash borer?

Systemic insecticides, applied as trunk injections or soil drenches, are highly effective when administered early. Consult with a professional arborist to determine the best treatment plan for your tree.

Should I remove a heavily infested ash tree?

Yes, heavily infested trees should be removed to prevent safety hazards and the spread of emerald ash borers to nearby healthy trees. Professional tree removal services can safely handle this process.

Can I prevent emerald ash borer infestation?

Preventative treatments with systemic insecticides can protect healthy ash trees in high-risk areas. Regular inspections and early detection are also critical for prevention.

What is the proper way to dispose of infested ash trees?

Infested wood should be chipped, burned, or buried to destroy larvae and eggs. Avoid transporting infested wood to uninfected areas to prevent the spread of emerald ash borers.

Is it worth saving my ash tree?

If the tree shows minimal canopy dieback (less than 30%) and is otherwise healthy, treatment is often worth it. Mature trees provide significant ecological and property value, making the investment worthwhile.

How can Miller Tree Services help with emerald ash borer management?

Miller Tree Services provides comprehensive solutions, including early detection, expert treatments, safe tree removal, and proper disposal. Contact us for a consultation to assess your ash tree and develop a customized plan.


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